Heart Disease in Pet Birds

A Common but Hidden Health Problem

Heart disease is more common in pet birds than most owners realise, studies suggest that up to 40% of pet birds may have some form of heart problem. Because birds are prey animals, they instinctively hide signs of weakness or illness to avoid appearing vulnerable. While this behaviour helps them survive in the wild, it can make diagnosing illness much harder for veterinarians and owners.

Thanks to advances in avian medicine, we can now diagnose and manage heart disease earlier and more accurately than ever before. At Melbourne Bird Vet, we use advanced imaging, monitoring, and tailored treatment plans to help birds with heart disease live longer and healthier lives.

What Causes Heart Disease in Birds?

There are many possible causes of heart disease, including:

•  Infections (bacterial or viral)

•  Toxins

•  Nutritional imbalances

•  Heart valve dysfunction

•  Atherosclerosis (fatty deposits in blood vessels)

The most common cause in pet birds is atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty plaques build up inside major blood vessels, narrowing them and making it harder for blood to flow. This is often linked to high-fat diets (especially seed-based diets) and lack of exercise.

Certain species are more prone to atherosclerosis, including African Grey Parrots, Amazon Parrots, Cockatoos, Eclectus Parrots, and Cockatiels. Female birds may also be at higher risk, especially during breeding season when their natural triglyceride levels increase.

Subtle Signs to Watch For

Because birds hide illness so well, signs of heart disease can be easy to miss. 

Early symptoms may include:

•  Slightly lower energy or activity

•  Reduced play or exercise tolerance

•  Changes in appetite or vocalisation

 As disease progresses, more obvious signs may appear:

•  Difficulty breathing or changes in breathing sounds

•  A swollen abdomen

•  Collapse or fainting episodes

 If you notice any of these symptoms, a prompt veterinary assessment is essential.

How We Diagnose Heart Disease

At Melbourne Bird Vet, diagnosis usually starts with:

•  Blood tests: to check for cholesterol and triglyceride levels

•  X-rays: to assess heart size and blood vessel changes

•  Ultrasound (echocardiography): to see how the heart is pumping

•  Electrocardiography (ECG): to measure heart rhythm

•  CT scans: for advanced imaging and detailed assessment

Although birds don’t yet have specific 'heart enzyme' blood tests like humans, the combination of these tools allows us to detect disease earlier than ever before.

Treatment and Management

Heart disease in birds can often be managed, even if it cannot be completely cured. Treatment may involve medications adapted from those used in dogs and cats, carefully adjusted for each bird’s size, species, and condition. Regular re-checks and monitoring are vital, as treatments often need to be modified over time.

For example, one of our long-term patients (a 60-year-old Galah) was diagnosed with heart disease and atherosclerosis several years ago. With careful management using a tailored combination of medications, he continues to live a comfortable and happy life.

Prevention and Long-Term Care

The best way to prevent heart disease in pet birds is through regular health checks and a balanced lifestyle:

•  Annual or twice-yearly examinations with an avian veterinarian

•  Routine blood tests and occasional X-rays for early detection

•  A low-fat, balanced diet (avoid all-seed diets)

•  Daily exercise and mental stimulation

Healthy diet and lifestyle choices from a young age can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and improve your bird’s overall lifespan and wellbeing.

If You’re Concerned About Your Bird

If your bird shows any signs of breathing difficulty, weakness, or unexplained behavioural changes, please contact Melbourne Bird Vet for an assessment. Our team of avian veterinarians can provide comprehensive diagnostics, treatment options, and ongoing care tailored to your bird’s individual needs.

Melbourne Bird Vet @melbournebirdvet

 1 George Street, Scoresby, VIC

 📞 03 9764 9000

 🌐 www.melbournebirdvet.com

 Advanced imaging. Expert care. Just for birds.